Similar to Yoga, mindfulness-based techniques also have immune modulatory effects ( Reich et al., 2017 Andrés-Rodríguez et al., 2019). Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy can significantly reduce stress, depression and anger, when administered in-person, or virtually ( Schanche et al., 2020 Kuo et al., 2021 Orosa-Duarte et al., 2021 Strauss et al., 2021). Studies have shown that Yoga therapy/meditation can improve health and well-being of a diseased individual by reducing stress besides boosting the immune response ( Thirthalli et al., 2013 Danhauer et al., 2019 Tang et al., 2020 Venkatesh et al., 2020). Interestingly, Yoga practice has shown to decrease the oxidative stress markers and up-regulate the expression of telomerase genes, such as telomerase reverse transcriptase and telomerase RNA, suggesting increased cellular viability and reduced cellular aging ( Duraimani et al., 2015). Mindful meditation for a single day is able to decrease the gene expression of histone deacetylase genes (HDAC 2, 3, and 9) and pro-inflammatory genes (RIPK2 and COX2) in experienced meditators ( Kaliman et al., 2014). Traditional yogic systems that involve breathing exercises ( Pranayama), yoga postures ( Asanas), chants and meditation have been known to reduce physical and mental stress, enhance lung functions, and immunity ( Hakked et al., 2017).
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